FEBRUARY 28 – Muslims across the globe are preparing to observe Ramadan, the holiest month in the Islamic calendar, which is set to begin on Saturday, March 1, 2025. This sacred period of fasting, prayer, and reflection will bring together nearly two billion Muslims in devotion and spiritual renewal.
Global Variations in the Start of Ramadan
The start of Ramadan is determined by the sighting of the crescent moon, leading to variations in its commencement across different countries.
Saudi Arabia, along with most Sunni-majority nations such as Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Sudan, Tunisia, and the Palestinian territories, has confirmed that Ramadan will begin on Saturday. Indonesia, the world’s most populous Muslim-majority country, will also commence fasting on the same day following official astronomical calculations.
However, Iran, which follows the Shia interpretation of Islam, has declared that Ramadan will start on Sunday, March 2, 2025. Morocco, despite being a Sunni-majority nation, will also observe the fast from Sunday, as per its Islamic Affairs Ministry.
The Significance of the Crescent Moon in Ramadan
Unlike the Gregorian calendar, which is based on the solar cycle, the Islamic calendar follows the lunar cycle. Ramadan begins when the first sliver of the waxing crescent moon appears after the new moon phase.
Different countries and religious sects have distinct methods for confirming the sighting. Some rely on naked-eye observations, where committees ascend to high altitudes to spot the crescent moon, while others, such as Turkey, rely on astronomical calculations. Weather conditions and local traditions further contribute to the variations in the start of the holy month.
Observing Ramadan: Fasting, Charity, and Community
Ramadan is a time of deep spiritual reflection, self-discipline, and increased devotion. Muslims observe fasting from dawn until sunset, abstaining from food, drink, smoking, and other physical gratifications. Charity, known as zakat, is highly encouraged, and believers are urged to engage in good deeds, avoid negative behaviors, and strengthen their connection with Allah.
Daily life shifts significantly during Ramadan. Suhoor, the pre-dawn meal, is eaten before the Fajr (morning) prayer, while Iftar, the meal to break the fast, is often a communal gathering with family and friends at sunset. Traditional foods vary across cultures, with dates being a common staple to break the fast, as practiced by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
In some countries, Ramadan is accompanied by vibrant cultural traditions. In Indonesia, parades and communal prayers mark the occasion, while in Egypt, streets are adorned with colorful lanterns known as fanous.
Fasting Hours Around the World in 2025
Due to the differences in daylight hours across latitudes, the duration of fasting varies significantly:
- Longest fasting hours:
- Kiruna, Sweden – up to 20 hours and 30 minutes
- Nuuk, Greenland – 20 hours
- Paris, France – 15 hours and 54 minutes
- Reykjavik, Iceland – 19 hours and 59 minutes
- Finland – 19 hours and 9 minutes
- London, United Kingdom – 16 hours
- Washington DC (US) – 16 hours
- Ottawa, Canada – 15 hours and 12 minutes
- Shortest fasting hours:
- Argentina – around 11 hours
- South Africa – approximately 12 hours
- Australia – 12 hours and 30 minutes
Muslims living in extreme latitudes, where the sun barely sets, often follow the fasting schedule of Mecca or the nearest moderate city.
Ramadan’s Spiritual and Social Impact
Beyond fasting, Ramadan a strong sense of unity among Muslims worldwide. The month is a time for self-reflection, forgiveness, and increased prayer, culminating in Laylat al-Qadr, the “Night of Power,” believed to be the holiest night in Islam.
The communal aspect of Ramadan is especially significant, with mosques hosting nightly Taraweeh prayers and charitable organizations distributing food to those in need. Many also dedicate time to reading the Quran and engaging in acts of kindness.
Conclusion
Ramadan 2025 will be a time of spiritual rejuvenation, communal bonding, and self-discipline for Muslims worldwide. While variations in its start date highlight the diversity within the Islamic world, the essence of the holy month remains the same—faith, devotion, and a commitment to self-improvement.
As Muslims embark on this sacred journey, Ramadan serves as a reminder of the values of patience, gratitude, and compassion that transcend borders and cultures.